Suffrages
St. Michael Battling Demons
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 206–207
Guardian Angel and Demon Fighting over the Book of Life
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
In this miniature, which illustrates a prayer to a guardian angel, that angel is shown in combat with a demon for the fate of the corpse's soul. They fight over the contents of the Book of Life, in which the dead man's good—and bad—deeds are recorded. The image (unlike that in the Monday Hours of the Dead) depicts burial according to common practice—with a shroud instead of a coffin.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 208–209
St. John the Baptist
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The gaunt figure of John the Baptist stands in the midst of a wild and craggy landscape at sunset, dressed in a light brown camel skin and covered by a cloak. The artist, with delicate shading, has given John hollow cheeks and sunken eyes that bespeak of his ascetic lifestyle in the pictured desert. He cradles a small bleeding lamb in his left arm while gesturing toward it with his right, reminding us that John pointed the way toward Jesus, whom he called the Lamb of God (Agnus Dei). He holds the lamb's bannered staff of Resurrection, its cross-decorated flag once silver but now sadly oxidized.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 210–211
St. Peter
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Three silver fish are entwined in the border below Peter, a fisherman before heeding the call of Christ and a fisher of men thereafter. In the miniature, the bearded apostle stands on a tiled floor before a textile background, a common setting for the images of saints in the Suffrages of Catherine's Book of Hours. The first pope, Peter, is clothed in priestly garb and carries a book and a large key . The key to the kingdom of heaven was promised to him by Christ in Matthew 16:19.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 212–213
St. Paul
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Paul, balding and with a long forked beard, stands in the ubiquitous setting of the tiled floor and textiled background. Dressed in a long blue robe and orange cloak, the apostle holds a sword, instrument of his martyrdom, and a book, the Gospels. In the border a child-like king, possibly David, wrestles with a lion. The meaning of this charming image and its connection to St. Paul are unclear.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 214–215
St. Andrew
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Andrew, in the familiar tiled and textiled setting, holds the eponymous X-shaped cross to which he was tied for crucifixion and from which, according to tradition, he preached for two days before succumbing. He has long blond hair and curly beard and wears a bright blue cloak over a crimson robe. In the border below is a bizarre scene of a hairy wildman astride a white goose or swan, drawing a knife across its throat. How this scene might be connected with St. Andrew is unknown.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 216–217
St. James the Major
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The relics of St. James lie in Santiago de Compostela in Spain, a major site for Christian pilgrims of the middle ages and today. Standing in a landscape, the depth of which suggests a long journey, the apostle is dressed for pilgrimage. The wide brimmed hat with mounted shell, the walking staff, and the pouch at his side are all attributes of medieval pilgrimage; even the girdle book he carries is bound for travel in an enveloping binding. Puzzling are the two small figures in the border: a kneeling woman in black who gives something to a seated man in white cloak. The woman may be a pilgrim receiving a blessing before setting out on her journey. A similar figure appears in the borders of pages 206 and 221. The pair resembles the two figures praying in the Deathbed scene (p. 180).
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 218–219
St. John the Evangelist
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
John was an extraordinarily resilient saint. According to tradition, he is the only one of Christ's apostles to live a full life and die of old age. As we see here, however, it was not for lack of trying on the part of his persecutors. In the large miniature, the youthful John, standing on a black-and-white striped floor in front of a richly decorated green and gold background, holds a golden chalice that he blesses with his right hand. A tiny black dragon crawls up from the dregs, thus ridding the cup of the poison that constituted this particular attempt on his life. Below, with hands clasped, John prays inside a cauldron of boiling oil into which he has been thrown by the Emperor Dometian, an attack that he also survived.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 220–221
St. Thomas
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Thomas clasps the lance by which he met his demise and a girdle book is at his waist. His hood is up, which, along with the book and the female pilgrim in the lower border, suggests his far-flung travels. As the only apostle to go beyond the bounds of the Roman Empire, Thomas died at the sharp end of a spear in India, near modern-day Chennai. The woman in the lower border totes two rectangular packs fastened over her shoulders and wears a cylindrical cap, covered in writing, that may list her sins.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 222–223
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 224–225
St. James the Minor
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
James the Minor (so-called because there were two apostles named James) holds a rosary and the cudgel with which he was martyred. The drinking scene in the margin provides an antithesis to James, who was famous for his abstinence.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 226–227
St. Philip
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The apostle Philip holds a book and a cross-staff. The baking scene in the border alludes to him as patron of pastry cooks. The food depicted in the two bottom margins was part of the celebration of 1 May, the joint feast of Philip and James.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 230–231
St. Matthew
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Here Matthew holds a Gospel Book, referencing his role as evangelist, and a carpenter's square (which he also holds in the bottom border of p. 262). The connection of Matthew with woodworking is unusual but receives reinforcement here from the border that simulates an elaborately carved wood frame. Starting at the lower left, an inscription enclosing the frame at each corner describes why Matthew was assigned the symbol of a man:
Forma[m] viri da[n]t Matheo/ quia spripsit [sic: for scripsit] sic de Deo/ sicud [sic: for sicut] descendit ab eo/ quem formavit ho[m]i[n]em.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 232–233
St. Simon
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Simon's setting – with its delicately ornamented pink tiles and exquisite floral green backdrop – is more elaborate than many in the book. The apostle reads from a book while cradling the instrument of his martyrdom in his left arm: a long-bladed saw. The border is made up of two varieties of fishing nets. A small man in red leans out from behind the frame of the miniature to repair one of the nets. The association with fishing may have resulted from confusion between this Simon (known often as "the Zealot") and Simon Peter, the great fisherman who became the fisher of men.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 234–235
St. Matthias
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Matthias was chosen by the other apostles to fill the spot left vacant by Judas Iscariot, following his betrayal and subsequent suicide. The apostle stands on scalloped tiles in front of a green backdrop rich with floral decoration. The white turban may reflect his role as a preacher of the Gospel in Ethiopia. The axe is the instrument of his martyrdom: after surviving a stoning in Jerusalem, he was beheaded with an axe. The weapon is seen again in the borders, where three swastikas are comprised of four axes each.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 236–237
Adoration of the Magi
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The Three Magi rarely appear in Suffrages. Their prominent position in Catherine's book probably derived from the proximity of Cologne, whose cathedral proudly preserved their relics in a glorious shrine. The eldest magus kneels before baby Jesus offering gold, toward which the child lunges. The second king points to the star that guided them. Waiting his turn is the third magus, who as the youngest is the most fashionably dressed. The deep landscape alludes to their long journey. In the border is Catherine's rosary composed of luxurious coral beads, gold ornaments, and pearls. The letters embroidered on the little purse have been interpreted as CD for Catherina Duxissa (Catherine the Duchess).
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 238–239
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 242–243
St. Jerome
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Wearing the brimmed crimson hat and ermine-lined robes of a cardinal, Jerome holds a book while reaching down to pluck a thorn from the paw of a small lion. The book symbolizes, among abundant other writings, his translation of the Bible into Latin (known as the Vulgate). The story of Jerome's healing the lion was well known in medieval Europe and appears in the Golden Legend. The border takes the form of a trompe-l'oeil processional banner of purple fabric edged with red-and-blue striped cord. The rod holding the banner at the top has two small hands that dangle silver bells. It is also surmounted by a large gold cross, unfortunately trimmed, that may have been the head of a supporting staff.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 244–245
St. Ambrose
St. Augustine
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Archbishop Ambrose wears a miter and holds a book and crozier. He was famous for preaching sermons that could reconcile the bitterest of enemies, and in the border, natural enemies—mussels and the crab, which likes to feast on mussels' flesh—cohabit in harmony. Bishop Augustine also wears a miter and holds a crozier. He holds his attribute, a heart pierced by two arrows, a sign of his remorse over the sins of dissipation he committed in his youth. Larger pierced hearts, suspended on chains held by demons and angels, form the border.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 246–247
SS. Cornelius and Cyprian
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Cornelius, holding a horn (cornus in Latin—a pun on his name), and Cyprian, with the sword of his martyrdom, share a feast. Birdcages, executed in silver and gold, comprise the delightful border. They may allude to Cornelius as patron saint of pets or to an interest of Catherine.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 248–249
St. Anthony
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Anthony reads from an open book while leaning on a cane. The cane has a bell hanging from its handle additional bells hang from the neck of the pig and in the belfry of the pink building to his right. That building and the enclosure surrounded by a woven fence might allude to twenty years the saint spent at Fort Pispir where he spurned the company, or even the sight, of other men. Because of both his asceticism and the community of disciples that grew up around him during his self-imposed isolation, Anthony represents the founding of Christian monastic practice. The artist shows his virtuosity by minutely capturing the atmospheric effects of the swirling haze that obscures the castle in the far background.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 250–251
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 252–253
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 254–255
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 256–257
Conversion of St. Hubert
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Hubert, patron of the hunt, is pictured on the ride that changed his life. While in pursuit of a deer, a vision of the Crucifixion appeared to him between the antlers of a stag, and he heard a voice telling him to exchange his life of frivolity for one dedicated to God. In the miniature Hubert sports a fancy hat with two long feathers and a turned-up brim and wears a white and crimson gown split for riding. He pulls hard on the reins of his long-legged steed as the stag rears up in front of him. Three hunting dogs cavort at the feet of the horse, the foremost of them back on its haunches with paws upraised as if in prayer. The border also contains a hunting scene: a small fawn is attacked by an eagle.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 258–259
Evisceration of St. Erasmus
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Erasmus (also known as St. Elmo) was an Italian bishop during Diocletian's persecution of the Christians around the turn of the fouth century. He lies on a raised board, clothed only in his miter and a loincloth. His arms are bound painfully beneath the board while two executioners wind his intestines around a spool turned by spoked wheels. At right, the bald executioner in crimson has a long curved knife at his belt – probably the blade used to slit the belly of the saint. In the border, and of unknown significance, is a boy riding a hobbyhorse and wearing a conical hat made of tied green sticks and a collar of similar material made into long spikes.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 260–261
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 262–263
Ten Thousand Martyrs and St. Acacius
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
In this grisly miniature ten men represent ten thousand soldiers martyred at Mt. Ararat for their mass conversion to the Christian faith before a battle. They are in a variety of pained poses, impaled on the spreading branches of an acacia tree and wearing only loincloths and crowns of thorns on their heads. Legend holds that they were crucified, and this depiction of impalement may stem from a misreading of, or a play on, the name of their leader, Acacius. The saint himself stands at the right of the miniature incongruously wearing bishop's vestments despite his occupation of soldier (probably due to confusion with a different St. Acacius who was a bishop). A long scroll curling around the border bears the Apostles' Creed; it winds through portraits of the twelve apostles, who, in a trompe-l'oeil effect, peek from holes in the vellum cut into the shapes of white flowers. The Creed starts toward the upper right with Petrus (Peter) who is credited with writing the First Article, "Credo i[n] deu[m] p[at]rem o[mn]ipote[n]te[m] c[re]atore[m] celi et t[er]se" (I believe in Got the Father, Creator Almighty, creator of heaven and earth).
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 264–265
St. Blaise
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Blaise is dressed in the vestments of a bishop, holding a crozier in his left hand and a wool-comb slung over his right shoulder. The long, sharp tines of this tool are the implements of his martyrdom. The textile background includes several ferocious looking beasts- an allusion to the story that he healed wild animals while a hermit in the desert. In the border, a monkey reaches out from the curling leaves to snatch a bird from the inhabited initial "O" in the text, which takes the form of a bird's nest.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 266–267
St. Lawrence
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
St. Lawrence is framed by a border of eels and fish, beautifully executed in gold and silver foil. The saint holds his attribute, the gridiron upon which he was fried to death. The artist made a playful parallel between Lawrence's method of martyrdom and the way fish are cooked.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 268–269
St. Vincent
St. Valentine
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Dressed as a deacon, Vincent holds a book and a spiked hoe, instrument of his martyrdom. He is framed by intertwined (raspberry?) vines upon which eight butterflies have alighted. At the upper left, the red admiral can be identified by the image of the skull that appears on the underside of its wing. Valentine, also dressed as a deacon, holds the sword of his martyrdom. He is framed by delicate flowers with thin leaves. At the bottom, two dragonflies devour a fly (or bee).
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 270–271
Lapidation of St. Stephen
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 272–273
St. George Slaying the Dragon
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 274–275
St. Christopher Carrying the Christ Child
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Christopher carries Christ—and the weight of the world—on his shoulders in a landscape considered the finest in the whole book. The depiction of the water, with its reflections, ducks, and leaping fish is unrivaled in manuscript illumination.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 276–277
St. Adrian
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 278–279
St. Martin Dividing his Cloak with a Beggar
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Martin shares his cloak with a beggar. Appearing in the sky is Christ, who, holding the cloth, reveals the true recipient of Martin's charity. A necklace of gold bars, two of which are inscribed with the names of Jesus and Mary, is in the borders.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 280–281
St. Nicholas
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
In rich episcopal garb, but without any of his usual attributes, Nicholas stands in the tiled and textiled background seen so often in these pages. He carries a crozier in his gloved left hand and gives a blessing with his right. "Three" is an important number in many of the legends from Nicholas' life and posthumous miracles. The three small monsters at each corner of the border may refer to a number of different tales. They gnaw on small golder orbs, which may allude to the story of Nicholas' generosity to a man inclined to prostitute his three daughters, as he could not supply them with a dowry. Nicholas provided, anonymously and on three separate occasions, a bag full of gold to ensure that this terrible fate would not befall them. Another possible explanation is that the orbs and silver crescent hats of the monsters represent the sun and moon, attributes of the saint's role as spreader of light to the world. The trompe-l'oeil effect of peeling back cloud-like strips of vellum to reveal a starry sky could be a navigational allusion and representation of the calm skies sought by sailors, of whom Nicholas was patron.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 282–283
St. Benedict
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 284–285
St. Servatius
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 286–287
St. Bernard
St. Thomas Aquinas
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Bernard is clothed in a brown monastic cassock, holding a book and crozier. Strangely, he is not in the white garb of the Cistercians, in whose service he founded the famous monastery in Clairvaux. The border is comprised of colorful plumes connected by gold interlace on three sides and, on the fourth side, a small portrait. This tiny man being crowned by a hand reaching down from the frond above may represent William of Aquitane, saved from excommunication by the actions of Bernard.
The portly Thomas reads from a book representing his status as philosopher and doctor of the church. He wears the white Dominican habit and an interesting star-flecked black cape, perhaps an allusion to his title, doctor angelicus. From his girdle hang a short knife and a small case with keys attached to the bottom. The delicate border combines five-petaled flowers interlaced with a leafy vine.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 288–289
St. Leonard
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The extraordinary and non-historical legend of St. Leonard tells the story of a pious nobleman who was accomplished in obtaining the release of prisoners by prayer and negotiation. He holds in his right hand his attributes, a set of prisoner's fetters dangling from a chain. Interlaced chain-like links decorate the floor on which Leonard stands. This geometric motif is quite similar to that decorating the border of the miniature of Catherine of Cleves praying to the Virgin and the Crucified Christ (p. 160) and supports an identification of that abbot saint as Leonard.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 290–291
St. Alexis
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Alexis stands barefoot before a beautiful red and green patterned textile, holding a small ladder, his attribute. Despite his bare feet, he is well dressed, wearing a brown tiered hat and a mauve cape over a blue robe. In the border, Alexis lies dead on his straw-covered pallet beneath the stairs of his father's palace. He lived there as a beggar, unknown until the scroll clutched in his lifeless fingers revealed his identity as the son of the house.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 292–293
St. Anne with the Virgin and Child
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Wearing an old-fashioned wimple, the elderly Anne is enthroned with her daughter, Mary, who is seated at her feet holding baby Jesus. The page as a whole emphasizes genealogy: the three figures of the miniature are the ultimate flower of the vinelike Tree of Jesse that grows from that ancestor of the Savior sleeping in the bottom border. King David is shown at the left of Jesse and, at the right, what may be the lion of Judah. Twelve crowned heads represent Christ's subsequent royal ancestors.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 294–295
St. Mary Magdalene
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
A resplendent Mary Magdalene, wearing a fur-lined cloak and holding her attribute, a jar of ointment, stands on tiles decorated with letters from her name. A shabbier version of the saint appears in the left margin, accompanied by angels and blue sky and blessed by God in the top margin. The border alludes to ecstasies the Magdalene enjoyed at the end of her life, when, during her meditations, angels lifted her into the sky. The text on the scroll at the right (from Luke 7:47) explains that Christ forgave her many sins because she loved so much.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 296–297
St. Catherine
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Catherine, nobly dressed in a crown and a luxurious ermine-lined cloak, prays from a small book bound in green cloth. Her attributes, the spiked wheel and sword, sit behind and beneath her. The sword is held by the Syrian Emperor Maximinus who lies vanquished beneath her feet. Maximinus had ordered the torture and execution of the young virgin saint after she refused his hand in marriage. The bear cub (catulus in latin) who toys with a red, gold, and green ball in the border may be a pun on Catherine's name.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 300–301
St. Agnes
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
An embodiment of chastity, Agnes is accompanied by a small lamb, symbol of purity and a pun on her name (agnus in Latin). The garland of flowers around her head contrasts with the luxurious necklace that forms the border. Engraved gold medallions, set with rubies and pearls, are joined by multicolored bands richly embellished with numerous pearls. The jewelry alludes to the legend in which Agnes preserved her chastity against a man who sought to tempt her with jewels; she claimed to have a fiancé (referring, of course, to Christ) who had already given her a necklace of precious stones.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 302–303
St. Dorothy
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The patron saint of gardeners, Dorothy wears a rose garland and carries, in addition to her martyr's palm, a basket of roses or fruit. On her way to be executed for her faith, Dorothy was asked by a pagan named Theophilus to send him some flowers and fruit from heaven. An angel brought him a basket with three apples and three roses, at which he converted and was subsequently martyred. The border is a vine-covered gold trellis surrounding the garden of Paradise at the bottom. In the garden, two angels sit playing instruments, a dulcimer and a portative organ. The castle-topped well in the middle is the source of two of paradise's rivers.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 304–305
St. Apollonia
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Appolonia was commonly invoked against toothaches and other dental problems because of the torture she endured before martyrdom: she had her teeth pulled out before leaping onto the pyre her tormenters had prepared for her. Although she was revered as a martyr, her active role in her own martyrdom – essentially suicide – was problematic (it was discussed by Augustine in his City of God). This may explain why the saint does not hold the traditional palm of martyrdom, but simply her attribute, a pair of long pincers with a tooth. Her attire is rich: she wears a hair-net crown and an ermine-trimmed gray robe over a green gown of brocade fabric with lace cuffs. Her long blonde braid drapes over her shoulder, to the end of which are tied decorative beads or bells. The crouching dog in the tiles has no apparent connection to the saint.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 306–307
St. Agatha
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Holding her attribute, a pair of pincers with one of her severed breasts, Agatha stands before a textile embroidered repeatedly in gold with a phoenix rising from flames. The motif is appropriate to Agnes as the patron of forging and casting. The cast jewelry in the bottom border provides further reference to this patronage.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 308–309
St. Cecilia
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
The noble Cecilia, engaging in the aristocratic sport of falconry, feeds a falcon. The avian theme continues in the textile background, which has the repeated motif of a winged boy holding a white hawk, and in the margins, which contain four large feathers. These feathers are in turn decorated with paired white wings, which are lures used to entice the bird back to the falconer. Also embellishing these large feathers are gold letters that, as elsewhere in the manuscript, have been interpreted as CD for Catherina Duxissa (Catherine the Duchess).
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 310–311
St. Lucy
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Lucy holds a martyr's palm and a book in chemise binding. Her neck is pierced by a sword, by which she met her death after having been miraculously delivered from two other fates: prostitution and burning. Aptly, she is the patron of those who suffer from sore throats. A chain of silver and gold fills the surrounding border, the flat gold charms of which are inscribed Lucie virginis (Lucy the Virgin). The silver pieces echo the shapes of the petal within the rosettes embroidered on the textile backdrop, but it is unclear how they may relate to the story of Lucy.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 312–313
St. Scholastica
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Scholastica, twin sister to St. Benedict, wears the habit of a Benedictine abbess and holds a book and a crozier. Her usual attribute, a dove, the form in which she ascended to heaven, is lacking here, while the border contains an antithetical scene of two boys hoping to snare a bird.
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 314–315
St. Gertrude
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 316–317
St. Martha
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 318–319
St. Helena
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 320–321
St. Elizabeth Aiding Beggars
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Suffrages
Suffrages are short prayers to individual saints. As protectors of medieval people, saints were their doctor in plague, their midwife at childbirth, their guardian when traveling, and their nurse during toothache. If the Virgin was the figure to whom one addressed the all-important petition for eternal salvation, it was from saints that one sought more basic or temporal kinds of help. While the Virgin became, as the Mother of God, almost a goddess herself, saints retained more of their humanity and thus their approachability.
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 322–323
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 324–325
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern
MS M.917/945, pp. 326–327
Purchased on the Belle da Costa Greene Fund with the assistance of the Fellows, 1963
Image courtesy of Faksimile Verlag Luzern