Calendar, fol. 2r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 2r
Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 2v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 2v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: January―Two men, a woman, and a youth are in a room furnished with a table, chairs, a chandelier, and a birdcage affixed to the wall above the fireplace. A kitchen is visible through a door in the far wall. One of the men wears fur-lined garments. He is seated before a fireplace with his shoes removed and is warming himself, holding his hands and feet toward the fire. The youth kneels on the ground beside him, and a cat is next to the youth. Behind the man, the second man is seated at a table with vessels and a candle. He holds a bowl, and the woman serves him a platter of meat. A woman tends the fire.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 3r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 3r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame is a statue of a male figure within an architectural niche. Within the lower margin, three scenes are enclosed in roundels:

1) A winter landscape.

2) Aquarius, a zodiac sign―Within a landscape, a nude male figure pours water from two vessels.

3) A male figure wearing winter clothing skates on a frozen river with his arms cross. The scene is within a winter landscape.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 3v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 3v
Description: 

Occupations of the month: February―Three men are working in a vineyard. One prunes a vine with a knife, another ties a vine to a pole, and the third breaks ground with a pickaxe. A spade and poles are on the ground beside him. Beyond, two men appear in a window of a watchtower. On a further hill, a fourth laborer ties a vine to a pole. A fifth laborer plows a field with a plow pulled by oxen. In the background is a landscape with a river with boats. Small towns appear along the shore. Buildings surmount craggy hills flanking the river.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 4r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 4r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame within an illusionistic architectural niche is a statue of a bishop wearing a miter. Along the bottom border is a rocky landscape with a body of water in the background. Within the landscape are two fishes, the zodiac sign Pisces, enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 4v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 4v
Description: 

Occupations of the month: March―A man wearing fur-lined garments stands on a pathway beside another man and converses with two laborers digging beds in a garden with spades. A hedge and a stone wall enclose the garden. Further along the pathway, a man on a ladder ties vines to an arbor. To the right, a man and a woman converse on a bridge that enters a castle surrounded by a moat. A stork's nest surmounts the chimney of the castle. In the fields beyond the castle, two figures converse. Another figure plows a field.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 5r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 5r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame are statues of a female figure and a male figure, possibly a soldier, in illusionistic architectural niches. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Within the landscape is a ram, the zodiac sign Aries, enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 5v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 5v
Description: 

Occupations of the month: April―Within a farmyard, a woman milks a cow with a bell around its neck. To the right, a man pushes a sheep out of a sheepcote. A shepherd, holding a lamb in his left hand and a crook in his right hand, looks on. A flock of sheep and one goat follows a second shepherd along a path leading from the sheepcote. One of the ewes nurses a lamb. Beyond, a woman churns butter within a farmhouse. To the left, another woman follows a cow out of a stable beside the farmhouse.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 6r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 6r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame is a statue of a male figure in an illusionistic architectural niche. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Within the landscape is a bull, the zodiac sign Taurus, standing in a field enclosed by a fence. It is within an illusionistic roundel frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 6v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 6v
Description: 

Occupations of the Month: May―Four figures, including a helmsman, a man playing a pipe, and a woman playing a lute, are in a boat on a lake surrounding a castle. A flask hangs over the edge of the boat. A heron stands on the shore beside the boat, and swans swim on the lake. To the left, horsemen pass a building while riding on a road alongside lake.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 7r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 7r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Within the landscape enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame is a nude human figure with one head and two embracing bodies, the zodiac sign Gemini.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 7v

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 7v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: June―Within a landscape setting, amid a flock of sheep, two men shear sheep as a third man looks on. He supports himself with a crutch, and his right hand is in sling. In the background, a path leads to buildings at the base of a hill. A deer and a rabbit are on the hill. Beside the building, a couple is seated on a bench under a tree.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 8r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 8r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame are two statues of male figures within an illusionistic architectural niche. The top one surmounts a column. Along the bottom border is a pastoral landscape. Within the landscape is a crab, the zodiac sign Cancer, enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame superimposed on the landscape. The crab is within a landscape with a lake or sea. To the right of the frame, a sheep drinks from a stream.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 8v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 8v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: July―In a field, two men mow hay with scythes. To the left, two yoked horses graze. Behind them, a man extends hay on a pitchfork toward a man on top of a haystack. A ladder leans against the stack. To the right, a woman carrying a basket on her head and a flagon in her left hand walks toward the men. In the background within a second field, a woman gathers mown hay into haystacks. Beyond that field, a horseman and a man following a horse pulling a cart ascend a road leading to a windmill at the top of a hill. Buildings of a city are visible in the distance.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 9r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 9r
Description: 

A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame is a statue of a male figure wearing a pilgrim's hat (possibly Apostle James Major, whose feast day is July 25) within an illusionistic architectural niche. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Within the landscape is a lion, the zodiac sign Leo, enclosed in an illusionistic frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 9v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 9v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: August―In a field, a woman binds grain into sheaves. A man threshes grain with two flails. A second man reaps grain with a sickle. Beyond, two horses, one ridden by a man, pull a cart stacked with sheaves of grain. In the background are more fields and a landscape with buildings.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 10r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 10r
Description: 

Zodiac sign: Virgo―A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame is a statue of a male figure within an illusionistic architectural niche. Along the bottom border is a landscape with a stream, flowering bushes, and a fence. Superimposed on the landscape is an illusionistic roundel frame enclosing a female figure, with her left hand on her breast, sitting in a garden enclosed by a brick wall.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 10v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 10v
Description: 

Occupations of the month: September―A man guides a plow pulled by two horses through a field enclosed by a fence. A second man sows seeds held in his apron. A sack of grain is on the ground beside him. Crows fly into the field to eat seeds. To the left of the field, a man knocks acorns from trees to feed the pigs below. Beyond, two figures walk along a road beside which is a house. A landscape is visible in the distance
The sceneeend is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 11r

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Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 11r
Description: 

Zodiac sign: Scorpio―A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of frame is a statue of a male figure within an illusionistic architectural niche. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Within the landscape, a scorpion is enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 11v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 11v
Description: 

Occupations of the month: October―On a village street lined with buildings, four men negotiate the sale of an ox tethered to the wall of a building. One man places coins in another's hand. Beyond, a man on a ladder gathers grapes from an arbor. A woman standing below looks on. In back, a man with a basket (of grapes?) on his back walks from a village gate toward a building with a sundial in the gable.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 12r

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 12r
Description: 

Zodiac sign: Libra―A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Superimposed on the landscape and enclosed by an illusionistic wood frame is a room with a scale hanging from chain.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 12v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 12v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: November―Within a farmyard enclosed by buildings, including a dovecote, two men, within a ring of flax laid out on the ground, break flax with implements. To the left under a shed, a woman scutches flax with a scutching knife. She is seated on a chair beside a bundle of flax. A hen and pigs inhabit the farmyard. Within a building to the left, a man appears in a doorway raising an implement, possibly a flail.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 13r

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 13r
Description: 

Zodiac sign: Sagittarius―A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. On the right side of the frame are two statues of male figures within illusionistic architectural niches. Along the bottom border is a landscape. Superimposed on the landscape is a roundel frame, and within the frame is a centaur aiming a bow and arrow.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 13v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 13v
Description: 

Occupation of the month: December―Within a snowy landscape, a woman holding a pan collects blood from a pig being slaughtered by a man with a knife. To the left, a woman stands beside an inn with a sign depicting a sun or a star. Figures appear in the windows. On the road beyond the inn, a man sits astride one of two horses pulling a cart. Figures appear on a hill in the landscape.
The scene is within an illusionistic wood frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 14r

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 14r
Description: 

Zodiac sign: Capricornus―A calendar page is shown within an illusionistic wood frame. Along the bottom border is a winter landscape. Within the landscape, a goat is enclosed in an illusionistic roundel frame.

Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 14v

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 14v
Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.

MS M.399, fol. 15r

Download image: 

Da Costa hours
Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561)

Ghent, Belgium
ca. 1515
172 x 125 mm

Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913), 1910

MS M.399, fol. 15r
Credits: 

Image courtesy of Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz/Austria.